An analysis of cinematography and mise-en-scene

In the first question of the MS1 (AS level) exam, you'll be tasked with textually analysing a media text you have never seen before. It could be anything, so it's absolutely essential that you're comfortable with Media language. But it's not just question one of the exam where you will be using textual analysis. You analyse in every aspect of the course, and even when you are making a film, you are making difficult decisions about how to create meaning for the audience.

For the storyboard pre-production, you not only have to take your own pictures, but also provide a detailed analysis of how you are planning to use technical and visual codes. Here's an example of how you can do this with cinematography and mise-en-scene.

Example one

Image from Decoder (Muscha, 1984)

Analyse the above image with reference to cinematography and mise-en-scene

Cinematography

Use of mid-shot infers that the character is the focal point of the image, connoting his importance to the narrative. 

Additionally, use of mid-shot emphasises the importance of both the character and the setting, and how they are linked

Slight high angle shot connotes the inferiority of the protagonist. He is an outsider, and different from the world around him.

Finally, the high angled mid shot positions the audience closely with the protagonist, yet his cold expression and defensive posture keeps the audience at a distance.

Mise-en-scene

Low key back lighting, and blue key light connotes negativity and mystery, and the coldness of the protagonist. 

Setting: fast food restaurant. Props include plastic tray and soft drink container. Connotes poverty and lower class ideologies. 

Facial expression is downcast and negative. Miserable atmosphere.

Protagonist's hair is scruffy, unclean and hiding his face, suggesting he is outside of society and takes no pride in his appearance. Could also connote he is hiding from somebody. 

Costume: scruffy suit jacket and connotes an office worker unhappy with his role

Gesture: Protagonist clutches can of drink and cassette player in a defensive hug, inferring that he is under threat. 

Setting: Plastic trees under the harsh backlight connote fakeness, cheapness and blandness. 

Thanks to U block first year Media for the analysis of this still

Example two

Image from Pulp Fiction (Tarantino, 1994)

Analyse the above image with reference to cinematography and mise-en-scene

Cinematography

Two shot, mid shot connotes the relationship between the two characters. Potentially a close relationship, however the gap suggests not on best terms at the moment.
The use of mid shot also positions the audience close to the characters, on the other side of the familiar kitchen setting. This could connote warmth and familiarity.
The shot is framed in such a way that the characters form the focal image of the shot. This infers their importance within the narrative.

Mise-en-scene

Costume: shirts covered in blood, connotes death. However, their shirts and ties connote professionalism, which is at odds with their thuggish appearance.
Prop: mug of coffee suggests they're taking a break, however contrasts with blood. Creates a surreal and confusing effect for the audience. Alternatively, this may create humour for the audience.
Lighting: Shadows over faces connote the mysterious protagonists, and perhaps the fact they have a dark nature
Setting/lighting: the scene is set during the day, yet this is in stark contrast to both the shadows on the faces of the characters and the blood that covers them.

Facial expression is serious and focussed, yet also fairly relaxed when we consider the juxtaposition created between the blood and the familiar and relaxed situation.

Thanks to R2 block first year Media for the analysis of this still

Example three

Image from 2046 (Wong, 2004)

Analyse the above image with reference to cinematography and mise-en-scene

Cinematography

Close up... or mid shot? Has dimensions of a mid shot, though the fact the actor's face occupies 2/3 of the screen and the setting is impossible to define makes it more of a close-up! 
Close up: The audience are positioned in an intimate situation with protagonist.

Mise-en-scene

The reflection symbolises a 'better version' or an ideal version of the protagonist. The audience can see more of the reflection than the actual actor. Perhaps she sees herself as a better person than she really is.
Facial expression: audience cannot see what she is looking at, but can see her expression, creating a sense of intrigue and enigma. The character's facial expression seems to be one of awe and wonder, as if she has seen something beautiful, perhaps her own reflection!
Focal point: reflection, therefore the reflection is far more important
Low key lighting, neon, electric lighting, both harsh and low key. Connotations both of energy and lifelessness.
Blue is the overwhelming colour in this image. It has connotations of being cold, detached, lifeless. 
The setting is completely unclear. We can speculate the protagonist is on a train, in a skyscraper or at a bus stop. Clearly the setting is not as important as the subject.

Thanks to P block first year Media for the analysis of this still