Roland Barthes argues that meaning is constructed through a complex system of signs and symbols. To what extent do you agree with this semiotic theory? Refer to Humans to support your answer
Knee-jerk reaction - Roland Barthe's theory of semiotics is extremely helpful when analysing Humans, as the show uses a complex and often fascinating combination of codes to construct meaning for its many audiences
The two-shot of Laura 'investigating' Anita not only constructs a powerful binary between humanity and artificiality (as well as the similarity between the two characters!), but it also potentially functions as an intertextual reference to David Fincher's 1993 sci-fi/horror Alien 3, which used the above iconic image extensively in its marketing
The ending montage
- The sound of the scientist explaining artificial intelligence begins as diegetic sound, but then shifts to extradiegetic sound as it functions as a voiceover explaining the ending montage. This voiceover clearly functions as a hermeneutic code, as it raises a number of ethical and probing questions for the audience. This level of analysis forces the audience to fully engage with the narrative.
- As Anita stares through the dark, blue tinged window, we shock-cut to diegetically confusing shot of thrashing limbs in water, that presumably is plaything through Anita's mind. The confusion is reinforced through these shots extreme low-key lighting. Ultimately, this combination of elements functions as a powerful hermeneutic code, and raises various questions about Anita's past to the audience. These scenes construct a sense of powerful empathy for Anita, which establishes her status as the protagonist. Additionally, it constructs a binary opposition, between Anita's confused humanity, and her status as a robot slave.
- A mid shot from reverse of Anita clutching the sleeping Sophie is barely lit through extreme low key lighting. Anita herself forms a mere silhouette, which functions as a symbolic code, insinuating to the audience that Anita is not only mysterious, but also potentially threatening.
- The shot of Anita and Laura in a 2-shot binary additionally functions as a hermeneutic code. Laura's facial expression is filled with a mixture of distrust and fear, which raises a significant question to he audience: why is she mistrusting, and what is wrong with Anita? The intertextual knowledge of the intelligent robot genre suggests to the audience that Anita is likely to rebel and to take over. By using the audience's pre-existing knowledge of the science fiction genre, the producer is able to proairetically encode a range of exciting and disturbing possibilities
- Leo's wound is presented to the audience in closeup, which emphasises its importance. The MES of the bandage and blood combine to suggest not only the significant danger that he is currently in, but also the impact that it will have on him in the future. This intriguing proairetic code sets up an essential narrative arc for the audience, and actively engages them in Leo's tragic upcoming story