Representations of violence can 'model' or demonstrate violent behavior, and
Audiences 'copy' violent and socially unacceptable behavior they see in media products
That's it! Really!
Task: knee jerk reaction - what is a flaw or an issue with the effects model?
Hopefully you managed to spot the fairly glaring flaw in this theory. If not, here's a hint: I (Michael) have played hundreds and possibly thousands of violent videogames, have watched thousands of violent films and listen to loads of horrible music. And yet...
The effects model and videogames
Bandura's theory is kind of limited, and is only used for the videogame industry (which is a bit harsh; cheers EDUQAS!). But in everyday life, this theory is really popular. Someone might not have a clue about who Stuart Hall or Henry Jenkins are, but they will tell you without a shadow of a doubt that violent videogames make people violent. A blanket statement like this has massive issues
Task: watch this video and make notes on
- The effects model
- Where it came from and why it's important
- Key examples
- At least two massive flaws in the theory
The effects model and Assassin's Creed
Task: watch at least ten minutes of gameplay footage of any Assassin's Creed game
- How might this game affect it's audience?
- If we are to believe the effects model and to take it at face value, what behavior in this gameplay could be copied?
- What elements from this gameplay footage may cause concern for parents, teachers and other caregivers?
- What positive messages might this game give?
Conclusion
Unlike every other theory we look at in media studies, the effects model is pretty much included to be criticised. So make sure you criticise it in the exam!